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Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

Title I

1 Scope and Purpose
2 One Form of Action

Title II

3 Commencing an Action
4 Summons D
4.1 Serving Other Process D
5 Serving and Filing Pleadings and Other Papers D
5.1 Constitutional Challenge to a Statute—Notice, Certification, and Intervention D
5.2 Privacy Protection For Filings Made with the Court
6 Computing and Extending Time; Time for Motion Papers D

Title III

7 Pleadings Allowed; Form of Motions and Other Papers
7.1 Disclosure Statement
8 General Rules of Pleading
9 Pleading Special Matters D
10 Form of Pleadings
11 Signing Pleadings, Motions, and Other Papers; Representations to the Court; Sanctions D
12 Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing D
13 Counterclaim and Crossclaim
14 Third-Party Practice D
15 Amended and Supplemental Pleadings D
16 Pretrial Conferences; Scheduling; Management D

Title IV

17 Plaintiff and Defendant; Capacity; Public Officers
18 Joinder of Claims
19 Required Joinder of Parties
20 Permissive Joinder of Parties
21 Misjoinder and Nonjoinder of Parties
22 Interpleader
23 Class Actions D
23.1 Derivative Actions
23.2 Actions Relating to Unincorporated Associations
24 Intervention
25 Substitution of Parties D

Title V

26 Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery D
27 Depositions to Perpetuate Testimony D
28 Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken
29 Stipulations About Discovery Procedure
30 Depositions by Oral Examination D
31 Depositions by Written Questions D
32 Using Depositions in Court Proceedings D
33 Interrogatories to Parties D
34 Producing Documents, Electronically Stored Information, and Tangible Things, or Entering onto Land, for Inspection and Other Purposes D
35 Physical and Mental Examinations
36 Requests for Admission D
37 Failure to Make Disclosures or to Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions

Title VI

38 Right to a Jury Trial; Demand D
39 Trial by Jury or by the Court
40 Scheduling Cases for Trial
41 Dismissal of Actions
42 Consolidation; Separate Trials
43 Taking Testimony
44 Proving an Official Record
44.1 Determining Foreign Law
45 Subpoena D
46 Objecting to a Ruling or Order
47 Selecting Jurors
48 Number of Jurors; Verdict; Polling
49 Special Verdict; General Verdict and Questions
50 Judgment as a Matter of Law in a Jury Trial; Related Motion for a New Trial; Conditional Ruling D
51 Instructions to the Jury; Objections; Preserving a Claim of Error
52 Findings and Conclusions by the Court; Judgment on Partial Findings D
53 Masters D

Title VII

54 Judgment; Costs D
55 Default; Default Judgment D
56 Summary Judgment D
57 Declaratory Judgment
58 Entering Judgment D
59 New Trial; Altering or Amending a Judgment D
60 Relief from a Judgment or Order
61 Harmless Error
62 Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment D
62.1 Indicative Ruling on a Motion for Relief That is Barred by a Pending Appeal
63 Judge’s Inability to Proceed

Title VIII

64 Seizing a Person or Property
65 Injunctions and Restraining Orders D
65.1 Proceedings Against a Security Provider
66 Receivers
67 Deposit into Court
68 Offer of Judgment D
69 Execution

Title IX

70 Enforcing a Judgment for a Specific Act
71 Enforcing Relief For or Against a Nonparty
71.1 Condemning Real or Personal Property D
72 Magistrate Judges: Pretrial Order D
73 Magistrate Judges: Trial by Consent; Appeal
74 [Abrogated (Apr. 11, 1997, eff. Dec. 1, 1997).]
75 [Abrogated (Apr. 11, 1997, eff. Dec. 1, 1997).]
76 [Abrogated (Apr. 11, 1997, eff. Dec. 1, 1997).]

Title X

77 Conducting Business; Clerk’s Authority; Notice of an Order or Judgment
78 Hearing Motions; Submission on Briefs
79 Records Kept by the Clerk
80 Stenographic Transcript as Evidence

Title XI

81 Applicability of the Rules in General; Removed Actions D
82 Jurisdiction and Venue Unaffected
83 Rules by District Courts; Judge’s Directives
84 [Abrogated (Apr. 29, 2015, eff. Dec. 1, 2015).]
85 Title
86 Effective Dates
87 Civil Rules Emergency D

Supplemental Rules

A Scope of Rules
B In Personam Actions: Attachment and Garnishment D
C In Rem Actions: Special Provisions D
D Possessory, Petitory, and Partition Actions
E Actions in Rem and Quasi in Rem: General Provisions
F Limitation of Liability D
G Forfeiture Actions In Rem D

Historical version:

View current (2025) →

Title XI · General Provisions

Rule 85. Title

Version effective 2007

These rules may be known and cited as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

added in current removed in current Compared to current version (2025).

These rules may be ~~known and~~ cited as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (As amended Apr. 30, 2007, eff. Dec. 1, 2007.)

Source: Official FRCP PDF , p. 118.