(1) Extrinsic evidence of authenticity as a condition precedent to admissibility is not required with respect to the following: Domestic public documents under seal.—A document bearing a seal purporting to be that of the United States, or of any State, district, Commonwealth, territory, or insular possession thereof, or the Panama Canal Zone, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or of a political subdivision, department, officer, or agency thereof, and a signature purporting to be an attestation or execution.
(2) Domestic public documents not under seal.—A document purporting to bear the signature in the official capacity of an officer or employee of any entity included in paragraph (1) hereof, having no seal, if a public officer having a seal and having official duties in the district or political subdivision of the officer or employee certifies under seal that the signer has the official capacity and that the signature is genuine.
(3) Foreign public documents.—A document purporting to be executed or attested in an official capacity by a person authorized by the laws of a foreign country to make the execution or attestation, and accompanied by a final certification as to the genuineness of the signature and official position (A) of the executing or attesting person, or (B) of any foreign official whose certificate of genuineness of signature and official position relates to the execution or attestation or is in a chain of certificates of genuineness of signature and official position relating to the execution or attestation. A final certification may be made by a secretary of an embassy or legation, consul general, consul, vice consul, or consular agent of the United States, or a diplomatic or consular official of the foreign country assigned or accredited to the United States. If reasonable opportunity has been given to all parties to investigate the authenticity and accuracy of official documents, the court may, for good cause shown, order that they be treated as presumptively authentic without final certification or permit them to be evidenced by an attested summary with or without final certification.
(4) Certified copies of public records.—A copy of an official record or report or entry therein, or of a document authorized by law to be recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed in a public office, including data compilations in any form, certified as correct by the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification, by certificate complying with paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this rule or complying with any Act of Congress or rule prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority.
(5) Official publications.—Books, pamphlets, or other publications purporting to be issued by public authority.
(6) Newspapers and periodicals.—Printed materials purporting to be newspapers or periodicals.
(7) Trade inscriptions and the like.—Inscriptions, signs, tags, or labels purporting to have been affixed in the course of business and indicating ownership, control, or origin.
(8) Acknowledged documents.—Documents accompanied by a certificate of acknowledgment executed in the manner provided by law by a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments.
(9) Commercial paper and related documents.—Commercial paper, signatures thereon, and documents relating thereto to the extent provided by general commercial law.
(10) Presumptions under Acts of Congress.—Any signature, document, or other matter declared by Act of Congress to be presumptively or prima facie genuine or authentic.
(11) Certified domestic records of regularly conducted activity.—The original or a duplicate of a domestic record of regularly conducted activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by a written declaration of its custodian or other qualified person, in a manner complying with any Act of Congress or rule prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, certifying that the record—
(A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge of those matters;
(B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted activity; and
(C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a regular practice. A party intending to offer a record into evidence under this paragraph must provide written notice of that intention to all adverse parties, and must make the record and declaration available for inspection sufficiently in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an adverse party with a fair opportunity to challenge them.
(12) Certified foreign records of regularly conducted activity.—In a civil case, the original or a duplicate of a foreign record of regularly conducted activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by a written declaration by its custodian or other qualified person certifying that the record—
(A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge of those matters;
(B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted activity; and
(C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a regular practice. The declaration must be signed in a manner that, if falsely made, would subject the maker to criminal penalty under the laws of the country where the declaration is signed. A party intending to offer a record into evidence under this paragraph must provide written notice of that intention to all adverse parties, and must make the record and declaration available for inspection sufficiently in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an adverse party with a fair opportunity to challenge them.
(As amended Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Oct. 1, 1987; Apr. 25, 1988, eff. Nov. 1, 1988; Apr. 17, 2000, eff. Dec. 1, 2000.)
added in current removed in current
Compared to current version (2025).
(1) Extrinsic evidence of authenticity as a condition precedent to admissibility is not required with respect to the followingThe following items of evidence are self-authenticating; they require no extrinsic evidence of authenticity in order to be admitted: Domestic pPublic dDocuments under seal.-A document bearingThat Are Sealed and Signed. A document that bears:
(A) a seal purporting to be that of the United States, or of; any Sstate, district, Ccommonwealth, territory, or insular possession thereof, or theof the United States; the former Panama Canal Zone, or; the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or of; a political subdivision, of any of these entities; or a department, agency, or officer, orf agency thereof, andny entity named above; and
(B) a signature purporting to be an attestaexecution or execuattestation.
(2) Domestic pPublic dDocuments not under seal.-A document purporting toThat Are Not Sealed but Are Signed and Certified. A document that bears no seal if:
(A) it bears the signature in the official capacity of an officer or employee of any entity included in paragraph (1) hereof, having no seal, if anamed in Rule 902(1)(A); and
(B) another public officer havingwho has a seal and having official duties in the district or political subdivision of the officer or employeewithin that same entity certifies under seal -or its equivalent-that the signer has the official capacity and that the signature is genuine.
(3) Foreign pPublic dDocuments.- A document that purportings to be executsigned or attested in an official capacity by a person who is authorized by the laws of a foreign country to make the execution or attestation, and’s law to do so. The document must be accompanied by a final certification as tothat certifies the genuineness of the signature and official position (A) of the executingsigner or attesting person, or (B)er-or of any foreign official whose certificate of genuineness of signature and official position relates to the executionsignature or attestation or is in a chain of certificates of genuineness of signature and official position relating to the executionsignature or attestation. A finalThe certification may be made by a secretary of an United States embassy or legation,; by a consul general, consul, vice consul, or consular agent of the United States,; or by a diplomatic or consular official of the foreign country assigned or accredited to the United States. If reasonable opportunityall parties hasve been given to all partiesa reasonable opportunity to investigate the document’s authenticity and accuracy of official documents, the court may, for good cause shown,, either:
(A) order that ithey be treated as presumptively authentic without final certification; or permit them
(B) allow it to be evidenced by an attested summary with or without final certification.
(4) Certified cCopies of pPublic rRecords.- A copy of an official record -or report or entry therein, or of a document authorized by law to be recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed in a public office, including data compilations in any form,a copy of a document that was recorded or filed in a public office as authorized by law-if the copy is certified as correct by:
(A) the custodian or another person authorized to make the certification, by; or
(B) a certificate that complyingies with paragraph Rule 902(1), (2), or (3) of this rule or complying with any Act of Congress, a federal statute, or a rule prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority.
(5) Official pPublications.-B A books, pamphlets, or other publications purporting to be issued by a public authority.
(6) Newspapers and pPeriodicals.- Printed materials purporting to be a newspapers or periodicals.
(7) Trade iInscriptions and the lLike.-I An inscriptions, signs, tags, or labels purporting to have been affixed in the course of business and indicating origin, ownership, or control, or origin.
(8) Acknowledged dDocuments.-D A documents accompanied by a certificate of acknowledgment executed in the manner provided by lawthat is lawfully executed by a notary public or another officer who is authorized by law to take acknowledgments.
(9) Commercial pPaper and rRelated dDocuments.- Commercial paper, a signatures thereon, and documents relating there on it, and related documents, to to the extent providallowed by general commercial law.
(10) Presumptions uUnder Acts of Congress.-Anya Federal Statute. A signature, document, or other manything else that a federal statuter declared by Act of Congress to be presumptively or prima facie genuine or authentic.
(11) Certified dDomestic rRecords of ra Regularly cConducted aActivity.- The original or a duplicatecopy of a domestic record of regularly conducted activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by a written declarthat meets the requirements of Rule 803(6)(A)-(C), as shown by a certification of itsthe custodian or another qualified person, in a manner that complyingies with any Act of Congress federal statute or a rule prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, certifying that the record-
(A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge of those matters;
(B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted activity; and
(C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a regular practice. A party intending to offer a record into evidence under this paragraph must provid. Before the trial or hearing, the proponent must give an adverse party reasonable written notice of thate intention to all adverse parties, offer the record-and must make the record and declarcertification available for inspection sufficiently in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an advers-so that the party withhas a fair opportunity to challenge them.
(12) Certified fForeign rRecords of ra Regularly cConducted aActivity.- In a civil case, the original or a duplicatecopy of a foreign record of regularly conducted activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by a written declaration by its custodian or other qualified person certifying that the record-
(A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge of those matters;
(B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted activity; and
(C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a regular practice. The declarationthat meets the requirements of Rule 902(11), modified as follows: the certification, rather than complying with a federal statute or Supreme Court rule, must be signed in a manner that, if falsely made, would subject the maker to a criminal penalty under the laws ofin the country where the declarcertification is signed. A party intending to offer a record into evidence under this paragraph must provide written notice of that intention to all adverse parties, and must make the record and declaration available for inspThe proponent must also meet the notice requirements of Rule 902(11).
(13) Certified Records Generated by an Electronic Process or System. A record generated by an electronic process or system that produces an accurate result, as shown by a certification of a qualified person that complies with the certification requirements of Rule 902(11) or (12). The proponent must also meet the notice requirements of Rule 902(11).
(14) Certified Data Copied from an Electronic Device, Storage Medium, or File. Data copied from an electiron sufficiently in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an adverse party with a fair opportunity to challenge themic device, storage medium, or file, if authenticated by a process of digital identification, as shown by a certification of a qualified person that complies with the certification requirements of Rule 902(11) or (12). The proponent also must meet the notice requirements of Rule 902(11).
(As amended Mar. 2, 1987, eff. Oct. 1, 1987; Apr. 25, 1988, eff. Nov. 1, 1988; Apr. 17, 2000, eff. Dec. 1, 2000; Apr. 26, 2011, eff. Dec. 1, 2011; Apr. 27, 2017, eff. Dec. 1, 2017.)